妙手空空 选择填空——新新题之一
根据2006年六月最新的四级考试，新题型除了增加“快速阅读”，传统的阅读(仔细阅读)也被分成两个部分。一是选词填空；二是常规阅读(也就是传统上的我们最熟悉的四选一)。选词填空是新鲜玩意儿，看看究竟葫芦里卖的什么药，又当如何应对。
I.考点分析：妙手空空术
简要交代一要考试形式：与传统考题的完形相似，但十个空格有A到O十五个选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。
选词填空，当然要考词汇。但比之以往专门的词汇题不同的是，它是更完全的更高层次的考察；与此前传统阅读理解里的“词汇题”相比，只是后者的一个扩展，实质并无不同。它们所考察的，都是在篇章中对词汇的把握。其实也就是：遇到生词怎么办？有句子，有文章，你搞定给我看！再直白一点：考的就是在上下文中猜测词义的能力——妙手空空！
所以这种考察不是莫名其妙的，而是为了纠正我们词汇学习中的一大误区：只知背，不会猜。从来都不乏这样一个似乎天经地义的观念：不认识单词，怎么懂得句子？而真相往往是：抓住了句子文章的要点，单词不在话下。这些要点是什么？我们一边讲解题方法，一边体会。
II.解题方法
一、尽量辨性
把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。
1.动词还要两分，那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词，就是-ing, -ed, to do型的，其它的都是谓语动词。但-ed型的有两种可能性，无法确定的要先打问号。
2.记不得的，看后缀。有构词法中，前缀管意思，后缀管词性。所以看一个词的尾巴，往往能大致分出词性。请参照附件“英语后缀”。
3.分不出的，词性不一定无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必赌气誓死纠缠，结果可能把自己缠死。
4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。
以真题为例，其选项如下：
A) estimate；B) strength；C) deliberately；D) notify；E) tropical；F) phenomenon；G) stable；H) attraction；I) completely；J) destructive；K) starvation；L) bringing；M) exhaustion；N) worth；O) strike
名词：B,F,H,K,M(B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀)
谓语动词：A,D,O(-ate极可能是动词，fy为动词后缀)
非谓语动词：L(-ing结尾)
形容词：E, G, J, N(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀)
副词：C和I(ly加在形容词后为副词后缀)
注意：所谓的“尽量辨性”一是要穷尽一切办法，不要说不认识就拉倒。即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，这也是阅读中的要旨。词的性质有时比词义还重要。第二是尽量辨了就行，不一定每个都能辨出来。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的又没其它办法，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。
第二招 凌波微步
凌波微步不是瞎走，是有心法的。其核心就是该读的读，不该读的要跳过。怎么判断？从两个方面来说。
一方面，我们要什么？
一是全文话题，也就是全文说什么
二是全文结构，也就是各段说什么
三是题目考点，也就是读题时我们划出的东西。
另一方面，我们不要什么？
跟以上三者无关的段落
跟以上三者无关的句子，及句子中无关的词、短语、从句等
注意所谓选择不是无原则的，瞎抓肯定不行。一定是抓住了必须抓住的，才能有把握地放弃其它的。抓住了结构，才能放弃一些段落；抓住了句子的核心，才能确定其余部分可以不管。下面分述之
一、注意标题
文章的标题，告诉我们第一个要素：话题。如果还分成几个部分有小标题，那是告诉我们结构。所以标题是要首先注意，充分利用。此文告诉我们：主题是highways.
二、段落有主次
以三大核心为标准，段落不是等量齐观的，有些要读，要些不读，有些略读。
第一段可不读：因为主题已明，而第一题答案很容易找到在第二段。
第二段两道题，自然重要。
第三段扫描：前面两题在第二段解决，第三题要找1950s，第三段没有，最后轻松定位在第四段――这就是扫描，有时需要巨大的跳跃。所以亦步亦趋的阅读方法可以休矣！
第四段涉及到题，自然要读。第四题根据线索，也不难在第四段找到对应。
第五段扫描之下，没有第五题所需要的death rate或者具体的数字。
第六段末句才有death rate, 括号里是具体数字。
下一段，扫描寻找access between major military installations, 只找到了provide access to.
第八段可找到第七题的service stations等。
后面三道填空题，是在文章靠后的部分，但与前面后面几道题的位置可能有交叉。
第八题中包含the atest, 所以答案在一堆好处中产生。阅读范围稍大。返观文章结构，我们发现，上面第五题所涉及的death
rate是在讲好处，但没说是否最大。下一段接着讲好处，最后一句有一个above all清楚地说明那是极致所在。
第九题所要的数字在第八段。
第十题的Eisenhower在最后一段也很鲜明。
综合上所述，九段的文章考十道题，并不是平均分布。其中第一三五段根本没有考题，如果能够不读或尽量少读，可节省大量时间，做到“闲庭信步”。只要抓住了关键，抛弃逐字逐字阅读的方式，其实不难做到。
三、句子抓主干
抛弃一些段落后，如果要读的段落每句都要读得清清楚楚，也是不现实的也不必要的。在读句子上，速度也要提起来，关键也是在选择。这个选择原则是：以考点为准，抓住主干，尽量少看。
1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
找到的是第二段首句：With the increase in aoto production, private turnpike(收费公路)
companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were
387, 000 miles of paved roads.
此句只是讲到1921年，有多少paved roads. 是否有national standards，要继续看后面。下一句很长：
Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas
Telford and John MacAdam(for whom the macadam surface is named), whose
specificatins stressed the importance of adequate drainage.
这一句漫无目的读下去，只有两个结果，一是死在路上，因为后面不但长而且是很怪异的东西。二是终于读出来了，但考试时间已到！横竖是个死。
其实最多读到19th century Scottish engineer就完全够了。标准就是“考点”。我们现在要知道的是那时有没有national
standards国家标准，用的是十九世纪苏格兰某工程师的东西，这个工程师是谁重要否？它的那个东西有什么特点重要否？无关！是不是国家标准才是重要的。有人敏感一点，已得出没有国家标准。如果不确信，下一句就清楚了：Beyond
that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or
commercial signs. 即使这个直接解题的句子，也不允许读完，读到standards就可以了，至于是关于什么的标准？有意义吗？对解题有意义吗？
第三招 火眼金睛
指的是要分清楚Y，N，NG的真正含义，不要在读找到了也读懂了原文的情况之下冤枉失分。
挑战性主要是来自于原来的正确与错误的两分，变成了三分，也就是原来我们归为错的要进行两分，一种是N，另一种是NG。Y正确与原来是一样的：跟原文意思一致。
所谓NG，not given，是说原文中没有给出。这在以前就算是错，现在则不同。看看下面的例子，再总结如何区别。
原文：I love you.
选项：
1.I have some strong feelings for in you.
2.I hate you/I am inddiferent.
3.You love me/I love you fervently/I love you better than he/I will love you
always.
以上1是对原文意思的解释，故为Y。
2和3在以前都是错的。但按照三分标准，2才是N，而3是NG。
标准是：是否有逻辑上的否定关系。
原文与选项有逻辑上的否定关系，则为N，也就是原文对，则选项必错，是N
原文与选项不同，但无逻辑上的否定关系，为NG，也就是原文对，选项不一定对，但也不一定错，是NG
“我爱你”，则必然不是“我恨你”或者“冷漠无情”，故N。
但“我爱你”时，“你爱我”与否并不确定；我是否“很热烈的爱你”、是否“爱你甚于他爱你”、是否“将会永远爱你”都是不一定的，故为NG.
看真题的第6题。
6. The interstate highway system provids access between major military
installations in America.
原文：By opening the North American continent,highways have enabled consumer
goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country,
spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with ater options in terms
of jobs,access to to cutural programs, health care ,and other benefits.
原文讲到提供了access to 文化项目, 选项是access to military
installations(军事上的一个东西)。不能因为两个是不同的，就说是N，因为提供了文化的东西，并不意味着就一定没有军事上的东西。
四、特别提示：填空三步曲
填空要做到完整不出意外，按以下三步走。
一、定性。空格要求什么性质的东西。是一个词、短语、还是从句等。还要分清性质，是名词性动词性还是形容词性等，填的时候对症下药。
二、定位。这一步跟前面是通用的。
三、基本照抄。原文照搬即可。问题是抄哪一部分，哪几个词，取决于第一步定性的结果。
看真题。
8. The atest benefit brought about by the interstate system was __________.
9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than ________________.
10. The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of
______________.
第八题是一个表语，名词性的，可能是词，短语或从句。原文是：
Above all,the interstate system provides individuals with what they enerish
most:personal freedom of mobility.
不能填provide…, 这是个动词短语。后面what..引导的名词从句可以，冒号后名词短语是对这个名词从句内容的具体化，最好：personal
freedom of mobility.
第九题填deliver的宾语，要填一个含数字的名词短语。
The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic
growth in terms of shipping and job creation:more than 75 percent of the
nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck.and most products that arrive by
rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.
从75开始的名词短语是：75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries,
deliveries与题中的deliver重复，去掉。
第十题，介词之后，名词短语。
The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vison
and leadership.
不能从to honor截取，它是动词不定式短语，不能作介词宾语，后面his vision and leadership才是。
III.总结
快速阅读的核心技术是略读与扫描，也就是用最快的速度抓住文章最重要的内容以及题目所涉及到的内容。
它要求我们在阅读时要有选择性：该读的读，不该读的跳。具体来说，在篇章的层次上能够判断一篇文章重要的段落在哪儿，跳过不重要的段落；在句子的层面上能够分清哪部分重要，哪些应该略过。
这要求我们牢记阅读的目的，始终以所要的东西作为判断轻重的标准。抛弃逐字逐句的阅读方式，实现跳跃式前进。
判断由两分变为三分，需要调整一下思路，主要是不要轻易断言一个选项是N，出现模糊时，拿出“逻辑上否定”的判断标准，自可迎刃而解。
世上无难题，只怕思路清。
附：快速阅读真题
Directions: In this part,you will have 15 minute to go over the passage
quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1
For questions 1-7,mark
Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N(for NO) if statement cintradicts the information given in the passage;
NG(for NOT CIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
for question 8-10 ,complete the sentenced with the information given in the
passage.
Highway
Early in the 20th century, most of the sreets and raods in the U.S. were made
of dirt,brick, and cedar wood blocks. Uilt for hosrse, carriage, and foot
traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate(容纳)
automobiles.
With the increase in aoto production, private turnpike(收费公路) companies under
local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387, 000 miles of
paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish
engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam(for whom the macadam surface is
named), whose specificatins stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond
that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or
commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly
destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned form Germany
in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Army’s first trascontinental motor
convoy(车队), he noted:“the old convoy had started me thinking about good,
two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom
of broader ribbons across the land.”
It would take another war before the federal government would act on a
national higway system. During World War II, tremendous increase in trucks and
new roads wree required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the
defense effort. Thirteen per cent of defense plants received all their supplies
by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products
by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a
confusing vareity of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not
follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds,while
others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A goverment study recommended a
national highway systerm of 33,920 miles,and congress passed the Federcal-Aid
Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict,centrally controlled desert
criterra.
The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed
as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To bulid its
44,000-mile web of highways,bridge.and tunnels hundreds of unique engineering
designs and solutions had to be worked out.Consider the many geographic
,features of the country:mountains,steep grades,wetlands,rivers,desorts and
plains.Variables included the slope of the land,the ability of the pavement to
support the load.Innovative, designs of roadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,and
interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave
their way across the country ,forever altering the face of American .
Long-span,segmented-concrete,cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in
Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida,and remarkable tunnels like Fort
Mchenry in Maryland and Mr.bakerin Washington developed under the nation's
physical challenges,Traffic control systems and methods of construction
developed uder the interstate program soon influenced highway construction
around the world,ang were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets
and traffic patterns.
Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S,and the U.S
with Canada and Mexico,Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes
and shoulders,dividing medians,or barriers,long entry and exit lanes,ourves
engineered for safe turns,and limited access. The death rate on highways is half
that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles
compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)
By opening the North American continent,highways have enabled consumer goods
and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred
the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of
jobs,access to to cutural programs, health care ,and other benefits.Above
all,the interstate system provides individuals with what they enerish
most:personal freedom of mobility.
The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic
growth in terms of shipping and job creation:more than 75 percent of the
nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck.and most products that arrive by
rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only
has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping
routes,it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations
,motels,restaurants,and shopping centres.It has allower the rwlocation of
manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.
By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads
,residential streets,expressways,and freeways built to support millions of
vehicles. The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his
vison and leadership.The year construction began he said:"Together,the united
forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in
the very name we bear -United States.Without them ,we would be a mere alliance
of many sepaeate parts."
1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
2.General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than
the two lane highways of America.
3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to
build a national high way system.
4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical features found
solutions in I novative engieering projects.
5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is
still higher than that of other American roads.
6. The interstate highway system provids access between major military
installations in America.
7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the
interstate higway system.
8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was __________.
9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than ________________.
10. The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of
______________.
二、灵活求解
将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二才是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。
1.确定词性，确定在选项中的选择范围
1)关于动词的判断
l 前后都是名词短语，中间是动词
l 根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词；反之则不需要谓语动词。
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 ,
but..(will后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语)
Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一个to
be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词；且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。)
l 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。
The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.
(前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。)
2)其它词的判断
l 形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)后必有名词
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. (这个/种奇怪的？，当然要一个名词了)
The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49
thunderstorms.(严重的？风暴，可能是形容词，也可能是名词)
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the
most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。)
l 副词修饰形容词或动词
…, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong
it will be.(修饰形容词sure, 当为副词)
l 谓语动词前有名词主语
This strange 47 happens every five to eight
years.(happens是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。)
l 介词后面必有名词
As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the
Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.
(在介词in的后面，当为名词无疑，注意要搞清楚，in有多种意义，此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少，当为在某个方面减少。)
二、句里句外，猜测词义
一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰
词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
Strange修饰47，也许看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生的是什么？最好的当然是现象。
二看逻辑：
1.句内(状语从句，解释，并列等)
As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru
current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.
此句有一个状语从句，as表示的时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少，温度就下降，当然是风的速度或风力。
So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other
parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相类。与干旱、收成不好一家的，很容易选出starvation饥荒.
2.前文(指代等、句间连词)
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气“现象”。
表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。
与this一大类的还有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。
还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。
递进：Moreover/furthermore/what’more/besides/in addition/even/also
转折：however/but/rather/instead
因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence
3.后文(总分)
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the
most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more
than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。
三看习惯用法：固定搭配
Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused
over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用？worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。
III.总结
选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力，其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词性和意义，从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。
先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类，分不出的可先模糊处理。
再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置，它的周边环境。
有时甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找；而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。
附一：常用后缀
1. 名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示"性质，状态，境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference,
obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质，状态，行为，过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示"，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution,
conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment,
argument
12)-ness, 表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示"动作，性质，过程，状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示"性质，状态，程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure, 表示"行为，结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，
17-grapy, 表示"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
2. 形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
(11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成，变成，……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地
-wise(OE)：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)；like→likewise同样地
-wards：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地
附二：真题及参考答案
El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in
the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the
trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the
trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current
flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.
The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air
over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across
South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts
affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for
heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the
most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more
than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The
1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest El
Nino for 2,000 years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but
they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will
be.
A) estimate
B) strength
C) deliberately
D) notify
E) tropical
F) phenomenon
G) stable
H) attraction
I) completely
J) destructive
K) starvation
L) bringing
M) exhaustion
N) worth
O) strike
参考答案：
47. P phenomenon
48. B strength
49. E tropical
50. L bringing
51. K starvation
52. J destructive
53. N worth
54. A estimate
55. O strike
56. I completely
