UNIT 13 WOMEN AND TOBACCO
GLOSSARY
advocate n. a person who speaks for or supports an idea， way of life， etc. 鼓吹者；提倡者
affluent a. having plenty of money or other possessions 丰富的；富裕的
agenda n. a list of the business or subjects to be considered at a meeting 议事日程表
appropriate a. correct or suitable 适当的；合适的
ban v. forbid， esp. by law 禁止
cessation n. a short pause or a stop 停止
dramatic a. sudden or exciting 戏剧般的；激动人心的
encourage v. give courage or hope to （sb.） 鼓励；促进
enthusiasm n. a strong feeling of interest and admiration 热情；热心
environment n. all the surrounding conditions which influence growth and development 环境
epidemic n. a very common infectious disease in a place for a time 流行病；时疫
escalate v. rise one after the other 逐渐上升
estimate v. calculate； form an opinion as to the dee 估计；估量
expose v. make known （ a secretly guilty person or action） 揭露；暴露
glamorous a. having or causing the power of attraction 有魅力的
hazard n. （of activity） which contains risk or danger 危险；冒险
identify v. power or show who or what a particular person or thing is 认出；识别；验明
impact n. the force of an idea， invention， system， etc 效果；影响；冲击
increasingly ad. more and more all the time 日益
induce v. lead （sb.） （into an act） often by persuading 引诱；劝使
involuntary a. acting or done unwillingly 非自愿的
legislate v. make laws 立法
mortality n. the number of deaths from a certain cause 死亡数
pollute v. make （air， water， soil， etc.） dangerously impure or unfit to use 污染
predicate v. state firmly 断言；声明
respiratory v. connected with breathing 呼吸（作用）的
responsible a. morally liable for the carrying out of some duty 有责任的；尽责的
restrict v. keep within limits 限制；约束
revenue n. in come， esp. that which the government receives as taxes （国家的）税收
reverse v. change to the opposite 反向；颠倒
statistics n. collected numbers which represent facts or measurements 统计数字；统计资料
subtle a. delicate， hardly noticeable， and esp. pleasant 精巧的；敏感的
tackle v. deal with （a matter） 处理；解决
toll n. the cost in health， life， etc. from illness， an accident 重大的代价，损失；（事故的）伤亡人数
cardiovascular a. 心血管（性）的
lethal stroke 由于中风而引起的死亡
UNIT 21
GLOSSARY
adjust v. change slightly in order to make suitable for a particular condition 调整；停顿
animate v. give lift to； enliven 使有生命；使活泼，激励
animated a. active and lively 活跃的；生气勃勃的
anxiety n. uneasiness or fear caused by uncertainty about sth. 忧虑；担心；热望
approval n. （official） aement 批准；同意
armor n. strong protective metal covering on fighting vehicles 盔甲；防护物
benevolent a. having the desire to do good 仁慈的；乐善好施的
bounce v. jump or spring up and down like a boll 跳跃；弹起
conduct v. direct； guide 引导；带领
contract v. ome smaller in size 缩小
convey v. make （idea， feeling， etc.） known 传播；转达
deflect v. turn from a straight course or fixed direction 转向；偏斜
exhalation n. breathing out 呼气
focus v. fix a point on， concentrate on 使聚集；集中
fright n. feeling or experience of fear 惊吓；恐怖
grilling n. tough question 严厉盘问
hostility n. the state of being unfriendly， showing strong dislike 敌意；敌视
inhale v. breathe in 吸气；吸入
inspiration n. an urge to produce good and beautiful things 鼓励；鼓舞
inventory n. a list or a survey 清单；概览
lunge v. make a sudden forceful forward movement 冲刺；猛向前冲
nervous a. excited and anxious， worried 紧张不安的；胆怯的
polish v. make as perfect as possible 磨光；使精炼；使优美
positive a. active and certain 积极的；肯定的；确定的
presentation n. the act in which sth. is offered， shown or explained 呈现；展示；提出；描述
quiver v. slightly tremble 颤抖；抖动
resonance n. deep， full， clear and continuous sounding 回声；共鸣
scan v. look at quickly 浏览；粗略地看
screech v. make a very high， sharp sound 发出尖锐刺耳的叫声
seduce v. cause or persuade sb. to do sth. by making it seem attractive 诱惑；勾引
splay v. spread out， become large at one end 展开；向外张开
survey n. a general view 概观；调查
tack n. course of action 行动步骤；方针
vibes n. slight continuous shaky movement 摇摆；激动
wrestle v. fight by holding and throwing body； （with） try one‘s best to do 搏斗；全力以赴；深思
momentum n. 动量；势力；推进力
UNIT 22 FUTURE DIRECTIONS
GLOSSARY
advocate n. a person who speaks for or supports an idea， way of life， etc. 拥护者
boundary n. the limiting or dividing line of surfaces or spaces 分界线，边界
compassionate a. sympathetic 有同情心的
devastate v. destroy completely 摧毁；破坏
disruption n. bringing or throwing into disorder 扰乱
dramatically ad. excitingly 惊人地；显著地
epidemic a. very common in one place for a time 流行性的；传染的 n. a large number of cases of the same infectious disease during a single period of time 流行病，时疫
evaluate v. calculate the value or dee of 估…价，评价
explore v. examine thoroughly in order to test or learn 探究；考查
heed v. give attention to 注意，留意
impact n. influence 影响
implement n. a tool or instrument 工具，器具v. carry out or put into practice 贯彻；履行
infectious a. （of a disease ） which can be spread by infection 传染的；传染性的
intervene v. interrupt sth.， esp. to prevent a bad result 干涉；干预
jeopardize v. endanger 使受危险；危害
mitigate v. lessen the seriousness of （ wrong or harmful action ） 减轻
mortality n. the number of deaths from a certain cause 死亡数
multilateral a. concerning or including more that 2 groups of people esp. who have different interests and needs but come together in an agreement 多边的；涉及多方的
pledge v. make a solemn promise or agreement 发誓；保证
prevalence n. existing commonly， generally， or widely 流行，盛行；普遍
promote v. support； help in the growth of 促进；
soar v. fly； go fast or high 高飞；猛增，剧增
sustain v. bear （difficulty） 忍受；经受住
transmit v. send or pass from one person， place， or thing to another 传送；传达
virus n. a living thing even smaller than bacteria which causes infections disease in the body， in plants， etc. 病毒
vulnerable a. weak； not well protected； easily attacked 脆弱的；易受伤害的
AIDS n. 获得性免疫缺损综合症，艾滋病
HIV 人类免疫缺乏病毒
microbicide n. 杀菌剂
USAID美国国际发展机构
vaccine n. 疫苗 痘苗
UNIT 23
GLOSSARY
absolute a. complete， perfect 完全的，纯粹的
accelerate v. （cause to） move faster， increase speed 加速，增加速度
ambitious a. having a strong desire for success， power， riches， etc. 有雄心的
balmy a. （of air） soft and warm， mild 温和的，柔和的
benign a. not dangerous to life 有益于健康的
bionic a. having powers that are ater than those of ordinary human beings 有超人力量的
brittle a. easily damaged， or destroyed 易破碎的，易损坏的
candidate n. a person or thing who wants， or whom others want， to be chosen for position 侯选人，被选择的东西
ceramic a. of a connected with the art or practice of making bricks， pots， etc. by shaping bits of clay and baking until hard 制陶的，陶器的
crumbly a. easy to break into very small pieces 易碎的
dexterous a. skillful， having or showing the quality of ability， cleverness， and skill， esp. in the use of the hands （身，手）灵巧的
explode v. blow up or burst 爆炸
extraction n. the act of pulling or taking out often with difficulty 抽出，榨取
far-fetched a. improbable or forced 未必确定的，牵强的
feasible a. able to be carried out or done possible 行得通的
flexible a. that can change or be changed to be suitable for new needs， changed conditions etc. 可变通的，灵活的
focus n. the central point， place of greatest activity 中心点，焦点
foul v. ome dirty， impure， or blocked with waste matter 弄脏，使壅塞
genius n. a person with great and special ability 天才
glimmer n. a small sign， a faint unsteady light 模糊的感觉，微光
immune a. unable to be harmed because of special powers in oneself， free from 有免疫力的，免除的
incredible a. too strange to be believed， unbelievable 难以置信的
ingenuity n. skill and cleverness in making or arranging things 独出心裁；独创性
manipulate vt. handle or control （esp. a machine） skillfully 熟练地操作
membrane n. soft thin skin in the body， covering or connecting parts of it （生物体）薄膜
millennium n. a period of 1，000 years 一千周年
option n. the freedom to choose 选择自由
orbit n. the path of one heavenly body round another 行星轨道
v. move in an orbit 沿轨道运行
phenomenon n. a fact or event in nature as it appears or experiences by the senses， esp. one that is unusual and/or of scientific interest 现象；有科学意义的；可感知的自然现象
potential a. existing in possibility 潜在的
predict v. see or describe （a future happening） in advance as a result of knowledge， experience， reason， etc 预言；预告
semipermeable a. that can not be completely spread or passed through or into every part of 半渗透的
soar v. fly， go fast or high （as） on wings 高飞，翱翔
trumpet v. declare or shout loudly 鼓吹
verge n. the edge or border 边沿，界限
cochlea n.（医）耳蜗
camcorder n. 摄像放像机
formula n. （赛车）级（方程式）
helium n. 氦
hydrogen n. 氢
impulse n. 脉冲
nitrogen n. 氮
space shuttle 航天飞机
superconductor n. 超导体
zeppelin 齐柏林飞船，飞艇
UNIT 14 WATER IN INDUSTRY
GLOSSARY
accessible a. able to be reached 可接近的，能进去的
alter v. change in character， appearance， etc. 改变
bleach v. make or ome white 漂白
condense v. （of a gas ） change to liquid 冷凝
dam n. a wall or bank built to keep back water 水坝，水堤
dense a. Crowded together in at numbers 密集的；稠密的
deposit n. layer of matter left 沉淀，淤积
derive v. obtain， get 取得，得到
devise v. think out （plans） 想出（）
dye v. color， usu. by dipping in a liquid 染，把…染上颜色
evaporate v. change into steam and disappear 蒸发；挥发
exert v. put forth产生
exploit v. develop fully so as to get profit 开发，利用
extract v. take out with a machine or instrument or by chemical means 取出；提取
extraction n. the act of extracting 提取
fraction n. small part 小部分；一点儿
hydroelectric a. of electricity produced by water power 水力发电的
inaccessible a. that cannot be reached 达不到的；难接近的
inexhaustible a. that cannot be used up completely 用不完的；无穷无尽的
initial a. of or at the beginning 最初的，开始的
moisture n. water or other liquids in the form of steam or mist潮气，湿气
process n. method，esp. one used in manufacture of industry 工序；制作法
regulate v. fix or control 控制，操纵
source n. place from which sth. comes or is got 来源地；来源
ultimately ad. basically； finally 基本地；最终
utilize v. make use of 利用
vital a. very necessary 必不可少的，极其重要的
calcium n. 钙
carbonate n. 碳酸盐
dissolved a. 溶于液体中的
gravity n. 万有引力
ingot n. （金属）铸块，锭
UNIT 15 SAMPLING THE MARKET
GLOSSARY
absolutely ad. completely 绝对地；完全地
allocation n. the giving of shares 分配；配给
appreciably ad. noticeably； enough to be fact， or considered important 可估计地；足以感到地
at random aimlessly without any plan 无目的；无
categorization n. putting in a class or category 分类
category n. kind； class； type 种类；类目
certainty n. freedom of doubt 无疑问；确实
deviation n. the difference （between a measure and the average of all the measures 偏差
diagonal a. slanting 斜的
estimate v. calculate； form an opinion as to the dee of sth. 估计；评价
extrapolate v. guess from known facts 推知；推断
fluke n. a lucky accident 侥幸
freak n. a living creature of unnatural form； a person with father strange habits or ideas 畸形的人
lopsided a. having one side heavier or lower than the other； not balanced 倾斜的；不平衡的
observations n. saying or writings about things noticed 观察材料（或报告）
potential a. existing in possibility 潜在的；有可能性的
probability n. likelihood； the chance of an event happening 可能性
provided conj. on condition that； if us …为条件；假如
questionnaire a piece of paper showing a set of questions to be answered 问题表；调查表
representative a. typical 代表性的；典型的
rogue n. a very dishonest person， esp. a man 流氓；无赖
sampling n. calculating by taking and examining a small part representing the whole 取样检验
skew a. not straight； sloping or twisted 斜的；歪的；偏的
stroke n. a line made by a single movement of a pen or brush in writing 一笔；一划
subdivision smaller group or class produced by further dividing 由再分分出的部份；细分
sympathetic a. having or slowing the ability to share the feelings of others 同情的；有同情心的
tally n. mark to register a fixed number of objects or units 计数的签；筹码；记录
throw up v. produce 产生
tolerance n. margin of error； the amount by which the measure of a value can vary from the amount intended 容限；容许量
tolerate vt. allow； permit 容忍；默许
cross-section 横断面；截面
formular n. 公式
histogram n. 直方图；矩形图
gradient n. 斜度；变化率
margin n. 差数；幅度；余地；界限
polling n. 民意测验
proportional a. 成正比例的；相称的
statistician n. 统计员；统计学家
statistics n. 统计；统计学；统计资料
UNIT 16 GETTING THE MOST FROM THE MICRO BOOM
GLOSSARY
affordable a. able to be bought 买得起
anguish n. severe suffering 极度的痛苦
apparent a. easily seen or understood； plain 显而易见的
available a. that can be obtained 能得到的
axiom n. statement accepted as true without proof or argument 公理；格言
boom n. rapid growth or increase 激增，暴涨
commodity n. a thing of use sold for profit 商品
consequently ad. as a result 结果
corrupt a. immoral； depraved； dishonest 不道德的；腐败的；不诚实的
delay v. & n. put off until later； stop for a time or cause to be late； the act of delaying or the state of being delayed 推迟，耽搁，延误
denote v. indicate 表示，指示
detail v. describe fully 详述
diverse a. of different kinds 多种多样的
entrepreneur n. a person who organises and manages a commercial undertaking 企业家
forethought n. wise planning for future needs 深谋远虑
illustrate vt. explain by examples （用例子）阐明
inextricably a. inseparably 无法摆脱的
main n. principal pipe bringing water or gas （水或煤气等的）总管道
marked a. clear； readily seen 清楚的，显而易见的
portion n. part 部分
precise a. exact in form， detail， time， measurements， etc. 精确的
primarily ad. mainly； chiefly 主要的，首要的
programming n. supplying a computer with a plan of the operations to be performed 程序输入
rage v. be very violent 大怒
sizable a. rather large （=sizeable） 相当大的
specimen n. one as an example of a class 抽样，标本
startlingly ad. surprisingly； shockingly 惊人地
tangible a. that can be felt by touch 可触知的
vague a. not clear in meaning 含糊的
variation n. difference or alternation 变化，变更
wary a. careful 小心翼翼的
wreak havoc cause widespread damage 浩劫；造成严重破坏
adaptor n. 接合器；接头
desktop a. 台式的
ledger n. 分类帐
UNIT 17 MOST IMPORTANT THING YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR CHILD
GLOSSARY
advocate v. speak in favor of （an idea or plan） 拥护；提倡
auditorium n. a hall where people sit when listening to or watching a performance 礼堂；讲堂
context n. the setting of a word， phrase， etc. 上下文
dismiss v. treat as not serious； put away 不予考虑
essence n. the most important quality of a thing 精粹；本质
foremost a. most important 最重要的
giggle v. laugh repeatedly in an uncontrolled manner esp. by young girls 咯咯地笑
hook v. attract， catch as if with a hook 引（人）上钩；欺骗
hug v. hold （someone） tightly in the arm 紧抱；紧紧拥抱
hunch n. idea based on feeling 预感
illustrate v. explain 说明；阐明
lament v. express sorrow for 悲痛；伤心
nourish v. cause to stay alive or grow by giving food， etc 养育；施肥于；供给营养
nuance n. a slight delicate quality or difference in meaning， etc. 细微差别
nurture v. give care to， educate 养育；培育
phenomenal a. very unusual 非凡的；出众的
proficiency n. being thoroughly skilled， well practiced 熟练；精通
promote v. bring to public notice in order to increase （sales， fame， etc） 宣传；推销（商品等）
sheepishly ad. uncomfortably from being fearful of others 局促不安地；恐惧不安地
spot v. pick out with the eye； recognize 认出；发现
stake n. interest； something that may be gained or lost 利益；利害关系；赌注
stimulate v. increase in activity； excite the body or mind 促进；激发；刺激
subscribe v. pay regularly to receive a magazine， etc. 订阅；预订
voracious a. showing a limitless eagerness for sth. 贪婪的；贪得无厌的
syndrome n. （医）综合病症（表现为身体或脑部的紊乱）
parenting n. 父母对待子女般的照顾（指要像父母对待子女那样照顾某人）
UNIT 18 BY THEIR COLOURS YOU SHALL KNOW THEM
GLOSSARY
aquamarine n. bluish en 蓝绿色
biannual a. every two years 一年两次的
brash a. hasty and too bold 轻率的；鲁莽的
calculate v. plan or design ，打算
colourwise ad. in connection with colour 与颜色有关地
compromise n. act of settling an argument by taking a middle course acceptable to all sides 妥协，和解
coordinate v. work together， esp. to increase effectiveness 协作；协调
denim n. jeans 工装裤；牛仔裤
diversity n. variety 多样性
docile a. easily trained or controlled 容易驯服的；驯顺的，驯良的
ecru n. a pale dull yellowish brown 淡褐色
eye-dazzling a. making unable to see clearly ause of too much light or brilliance， etc. 令人眼花缭乱的
femininity n. quality of being suitable for women 女子的气质，女人气
garishly ad. over-colouredly 花花绿绿地；过于花哨地
UNIT 19
GLOSSARY
awash a. washed over by the waves 被浪潮冲打的
cleanse v. make clean 使清洁
cluster v. form a close group 使成群；群集；丛生
cope v. manage successfully 妥善处理
destination n. place to which sb. or sth. is going or is being sent 目的地
detergent n. a chemical product used for cleaning clothing， dishes， etc. 清洁剂
effluent n. liquid waste 流出物；液体废物
endemic a. （of a disease） found regularly in a particular place （疾病等）地方性的
filth disgusting dirt 污物
flush v. flow suddenly and freely 奔流；涌
foul v. make dirty or impure 弄脏；污染
gravely ad. seriously 严肃地
hazard n. danger 危险
infect v. give a disease to， contaminate 感染
inhabit v. live in 居住于
landlocked a. almost or entirely surrounded by land 被陆地围住的
lurk . exist unseen； wait in hiding 潜伏
nourish v. keep alive and well with food to， train， educate， or develop 养育；培养；教养
outbreak n. sudden occurrence 爆发
overestimate v. have too high an opinion of the degree or number of 过高估计
periodic a. happening repeatedly at regular times 间歇的；定期的
pollute v. make dirty 污染
popular a. favoured by many people 大众喜爱的
remorseless a. feeling or showing no sorrow for doing wrong 不懊悔的
seductive a. attractive， seemingly enticing 有吸引力的；富有魅力的
sewage n. the waste material and water carried in sewers （阴沟里的）污物
slime n. soft， nasty， thick， sticky mud 软泥；粘泥
sluice v. send a stream of water over 奔流；奔泻
stifle v. prevent from happening or continuing 抑制；镇压
cholera n.霍乱
dysentery n. 痢疾
lagoon n. 环礁湖；咸水湖
paratyphoid n. 副伤寒
pesticide n. 杀虫剂
plankton n. 浮游生物
polio n. 脊髓灰质炎；小儿麻痹症
shellfish n. 水生贝类动物
typhoid n.伤害
viral hepatitis 病毒性肝炎
