GLOSSARY
abundantly ad. in more than enough quantity 充足地
alternative n. sth. that way take the place of another thing 替代物
availability n. obtaining 获得
commodity n. goods； sth. sold for profit 商品
consultation n. exchange of opinions and ideas 商量；磋商
contain v. hold 包住，装
contribution n. the act of giving things or money 捐献
convert v. change from one form or state to another 变换，转换
cooperation n. working together for a common interest 合作
core n. the central part 核心
emerge v. come into being 出现
emigration n. leaving one‘s own country in order to go and live in another 移居
endeavor v. make an effort 努力
factor n. element 因素
fluctuate v. vary from one form or state to another 波动，起伏
impact n. effect 影响
innovation n. the introduction of sth. new 革新，创新
level off come to a stop 停滞
merger n. a joining of 2 or more firms， business companies， etc. 合并，联合
objective n. purpose of a plan 目标，目的
pace n. rate or speed of development （发展的）速度，节奏
predict v. see or describe a future happening in advance 预见，预言
preserve v. keep safe from harm or danger 保护，防护
release v. give off 释放，放出
renewed a. of being repeated 重新开始的；（中断之后）继续的
risky a. full of danger 危险的
scarcity n. inadequate supply compared with demands 缺乏，匮乏
specify v. mention exactly 详细介绍，详细说明
speculate v. guess 推测，猜测
storage n. keeping things in a place for later use 贮藏；贮存
sustain v. support 支撑，支持
tourism n. the business of providing tours for tourists 旅游业
trend n. tendency 趋势，倾向
various a. different from each other 各种各样的，各不相同的
converter n. 变换器
dietary a.饮食的
geothermal a. 地热的
geyser n. 间歇喷泉
hydrogen n.氢
lava n.熔岩
radiation n.辐射
saturation n. 饱和
solar a. 太阳的
thermal a.热的
uranium n.铀
UNIT 41 JUDGE HALTS TV INTERVIEW WITH MAJOR
GLOSSARY
appeal n. a call to a higher count to change the decision of a lower court 上诉
ban n. an order for forbidding sth. 禁令
budget n. a plan of how much money to take in and how to spend it 预算
bully v. force or frighten someone to do sth. 强迫…做；恐吓…做
clip n. cut of sth. by leaving out parts of it 剪，剪短
commentator n. a broadcaster who gives opinions or descriptions during an event， football match etc. 时事评论员，实况播音员
commitment n. a promise to following a certain course of action 许诺，（商业上的）约定
curb n. controlling influence 控制，约束，抑制
executive a. concerned with making or carrying out decisions， esp. in business 执行的，实施的
exposure n. a case of being exposed to the public 曝露，揭露，曝光
fierce a. angry， violent and cruel 生气的，凶猛的，残忍的，强烈的
hangover n. the feeling of headache， sickness etc. the day after drinking too much alcohol （酗酒或吸毒后的）宿醉，（指头痛，恶心等不适感）
impartiality n. being fair or giving equal attention to all concerned 公平，公正，一视同仁
injunction n. official order to do or not to do 命令，指令，禁令
legislate v. make laws 立法，制定法律
memorandum n. a note of sth. to be remembered 备忘录
panorama n. a thorough representation in words or pictures 概观，概论，全景
passionate a. showing or filled with strong， deep， often uncontrollable feeling 热烈的，热情的，激昂的
pledge n. a solemn promise or aement 誓言，誓约，保证
predecessor n. a person who held （an official） position before someone else 前辈，前任者
prejudice v. cause to have unfair and often unfavorable opinion not based on reason 使抱偏见，使怀成见
prelude n. sth. that comes before and acts as an introduction to sth. more important 序言，序幕，序曲
privatize v. cause to ome one‘s own 把（公有财产等）收归所有，使私有化
prospect n. sth. that is expected or considered probable 指望，盼望的事物
skeptical a. doubtful 怀疑的
shareholder n. owner of one or more shares in a business 股票拥有者，股东
submission n. suggestion； idea， opinion 建议，意见，看法
substantial a. noticeable， important 显著的，重大的
substitute v. put sth. in place of another 代替，替代
transmit v. send out radio or television signals； broadcast 发射，传送，播送
transmitter n. an apparatus that sends out radio on television signals 发射机，发报机
uphold v. confirm； give approval to 批准，赞成，拥护，同意
UNIT 42
“SMART” LIFTS TAKE JAPAN‘S MANAGERS UPMARKET
GLOSSARY
advanced a. far on in development， modern先进的，现成的
amplify v. make louder ， larger， ater ； explain in greater detail放大；详述
audible a. able to be heard；hearable听得见的
basement n. the lowest part of a building， partly or wholly below ground level 底层；地下室
block n. part； area 街区
booming n. growing rapidly 迅速发展
canteen n. a place in a factory， company， etc. where people may buy and eat food， meals， drinks， sweets， etc. 小卖部；餐室
console n. a flat surface containing the controls for a machine， electrical apparatus， etc. 控制台，仪表板
directory n. a book or list of names， facts， etc. 名录簿，记事本
distinctive a. clearly marking a person or thing as different from others 与众不同的
drab a. dull； uninteresting； cheerless 单调乏味的
drum up v. obtain by continuous effort， esp. by advertising 大力征集，招徕
entrance n. a gate， door， or other opening by which one enters 入口处
exalted a. of high rank； full of joy of the success 高贵的；兴奋的；得意扬扬的
feature v. have as a special character 以…为特色
gadgetry n. small machines or useful apparatuses 小机件；玩意儿
graphics n. lettering， drawings， etc. 图解，字母书写
imprecise a. not exact 不精确
innovation n. a new idea， method or invention 革新，新方法
noticeable a. that can be noticed； worth noticing 显而易见的；值得注意的
novelty n. sth. new and unusual 新颖，新奇
prestigious a. admirable； respectable 有威信的；受尊敬的
remarkable a. unusual； deserving attention 异常的；值得注意的
rival n. a person with whom one competes 竞争对手
short-lived a. lasting only for a short time 短命的，短暂的
showcase n. enclosed shelves with glass in which objects are placed for looking at； a place where goodness is displayed 陈列柜；（优点等）展示
sign up sign an agreement to take part in sth.； enlist 签字；应征
situated a. in a particular place 处于某种境地的
skyscraper n. very tall city building 摩天楼
sophisticated a. complicated； worldly-wise 复杂的；老于事故的
unnoticeably ad. without being seen or noticed 被忽视地
electronics n. 电子学；电子业
fuzzy-logic circuit 模糊逻辑电路
headquarters n. 总部；司令部
panel n. 控制板
processor n. 处理器
subsidiary n. 子公司
wind avenue 风道
wind-tunnel n. 风洞
UNIT 36
THE WORLD BANK AND THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
GLOSSARY
adjust v. change slightly， esp. in order to make suitable for a particular job or new conditions 调整
appraise v. judge the worth， quality， or condition of 估价，评估
combine v. come together， unite， act together， or join together 结合，联合
concentrate v. （cause to）come together in or around one place 集中
contribute v. help in bringing about；have a share in 出一份力
cooperative a. make， done， or worked by people acting together 合作的
credit n. the sum of money placed at a person‘s disposal by a bank， etc.； advance or loan 存款；贷款
currency n. the particular type of money in use in a country 货币
defend v. keep safe from harm 防卫
deflate v. reduce the supply of money （of） or lower the level of 紧缩（银根）
disequilibria n. loss or lack of balance 失衡
envisage v. have picture in the mind； imagine 设想，想像
establish v. set up 建立
evaluate v. calculate the value or dee of 估价，把…定值
extreme a. the greatest possible 极端的
fiscal a. of or related to public money， taxes， debts， etc. 财政的
gallant a. courageous 有勇气的
imply v. involve the truth of 意指，暗指
institution n. a large society or organization 机构
invest v. put money into something that will increase in value 投资
lynchpin n. an important part 关键
mitigation n. lessening the seriousness of 缓解，缓和
nurture v. train， educate or develop 养育，培育，教养
peg v. fix or hold at a certain level 固定，限定
persist v. continue firmly 坚持
premium n. money paid to an insurance company 保险费
private a. personal； not shared with others 私人的，个人的
proceeds n. money gained from the sale 收入，收益
proportion n. a part or share 部份，份儿
sound a. solid and strong 坚实的，稳定的
sour v. turning out to be bad or wrong； disappointing 使变酸腐；使失望
speculate v. buy or deal in goods ， shares， etc. 投机
stable a. not easily moved， upset， or changed； firm； steady 稳固的，稳定的
subscribe v. give money to 捐助
surplus n. （an amount ） additional to what is needed or use， as of money 余额
float bands 发行债券
parity n. 平价（指官定货币汇兑比值）
softloan n. 软币贷款
UNIT 37 COSMIC CLOSE-UPS
GLOSSARY
astronaut n. a person who travels through space in a space vehicle 宇航员
astrophysics n. the scientific study of the chemical nature of the stars and the natural forces that influence them 天体物理学
billow v. rise and roll in waves （波浪似地）翻腾
breathtaking a. very exciting 激动人心地
capture v. hold the interest of； captivate 引起（注意）；迷住
cataclysm n. a violent and sudden change or event 灾变，大变动
churn v. （cause to） more about violently 剧烈搅动
collaborate v. work together or with someone else 协作，合作
collision n. the action of meeting and striking （together） violently 碰撞，冲突
cosmic a. of or related to the whole universe 宇宙的
cosmos n. the whole universe 宇宙
crucial a. of deciding importance 决定性的，关键的
devastate v. destroy completely 彻底破坏
dimension n. a measurement in any one direction 尺寸，尺度，维
distract v. take （a person or a person‘s mind） off sth. 分散，分心
domesticate v. make…able to live with and serve man 驯化，使归化
elliptical a. having the shape of oval 椭圆型的
exquisite a. very finely made or done； sensitive and delicate 优美的，精巧的，敏锐的
fragment n. a small broken piece 碎块，断片
galaxy n. any of the large groups of stars which make up the universe 星系
gigantic a. unusually large in amount or size 巨人似的，庞大的
gravitation n. the act of drawing down 地心引力，吸引力
horizon n. line at which earth and sky meet 地平线
illuminate v. give light to 照亮，照明
intricate a. containing many detailed parts and thus difficult to understand 复杂的，难懂的
melancholy n. sadness， esp. over a period of time and not for any particular reason 伤感，忧郁
mission n. the duty or purpose for which a certain group of people are sent 使命，任务
momentous a. extremely important 重大的，重要的
mothball v. be in storage 封存
obscure a. hard to understand； not clear 昏暗的，模糊不清的
observatory n. a place from which scientists watch the stars and other heavenly bodies 天文台
opaque a. lasting for ever or for a long time 永恒的，不断的
perspective n. a view， esp. one stretching far into the distance 前景，展望
plausible a. seeming to be true or reasonable 似合理的
potential a. existing in possibility 潜在的，有可能性的
precision n. at exactness 精确，精密
profound a. having， showing or suing thorough knowledge and deep understanding 深刻的，渊博的
radiate v. send out （light or heat） 发射，散发（光，热等）
redeem v. make a mends for 修复
remarkable a. unusual， noticeable 非凡的，显著的
satellite n. a heavenly body moving around a larger one （a planet） 卫星
scramble v. move or clime quickly， esp. over a rough or steep surface 攀爬，攀登
sear v. burn with a sudden powerful heat 烧焦，烧灼
shroud v. cover and hide 覆盖，掩蔽
smudge v. make or ome dirty with a mark of rubbing 弄脏，涂污
spectacular a. grandly out of the ordinary； attracting excited notice 壮观的，引人注意的
spew v. come out in a rush or flood， gush 涌出，喷
startling a. caused to jump or be quickly surprised 令人吃惊的
stun v. cause to lose the senses or sense of balance 使晕眩unravel v. make clear 阐明，澄清
vista n. a distant view， to which the eye is directed between narrow limits， as by rows of trees 远景，深景
comet n. 慧星
multimegaton n. 数百尤吨级
quasar n. 类星体
ultraviolet n. 紫外线
UNIT 38 POLLUTION IS A DIRTY WORD
GLOSSARY
abandon vt. give up 放弃，废弃
absorb v. take or suck in 吸入
concentration n. bringing or coming together at one point 集中
consume v. eat or drink； use or use up 吃光，喝光；消费
consumption n. the act of consuming 消耗；消费
contaminate vt. make dirty， impure or diseased 弄脏，污染
convert v. change sth. from one form into another 使转化
crucial a. decisive； of deciding importance 决定性的，紧要关头的
dilemma n. a problem situation for which there is no desirable solution 困境
discard v. get rid of as useless 丢弃
disposable a. intended to be used once and then thrown away 一次性使用的
dispose v. get rid of 除掉
drastic a. strong， sudden and often violent or severe 激烈的，猛烈的
dump v. throw or drop in a heap or carelessly 倾倒
eliminate vt. remove； get rid of 除掉
exceptionally a. unusually 异常的
exhaust v. use up 耗尽
foresight n. ability to see into the future 预见力
hover n. remain in the air at one place 盘旋，翱翔
impurity n. foreign material which make sth. unfit for use； the state of not being pure 杂质
ingenious a. clever and skillful in doing or inventing sth. 灵巧的
intensify v. make stronger or more serious 使强化；加剧
invaluable a. too valuable for the worth to be measured 无价的
junkyard n. a place where old useless things are discarded 垃圾场
leftover n. remaining 剩余；残物
manufacture v. make or produce by machinery， esp. in large quantities 制造
orient v. give direction or guidance to 定…的位；调整
purify v. make pure 提纯；纯化
reusable a. that can be used again 可再利用的
sludge n. thick mud； the product of sewage treatment 淤泥，污泥
smokestack n. chimney used by factories to discharge smoke into the upper air 大烟囱
stack n. a pile of sth.， like lumber 堆，垃圾堆
stumble vi. trip and almost fall 绊一脚，绊跌
thereby ad. by that means； in that connection 由此，从而
unsightly a. displeasing to the eye 不顺眼的；难看的
vicious a. dangerous； cruel 险恶的
wear out reduce to a useless state by use 磨损，用坏
compressor n. 压缩机
diaper n. 尿布
toaster n. 烤面包器；烤面包电炉
toothpaste tube 牙膏管；牙膏皮
wrapper n. 包装物
UNIT 39 MORE PEOPLE AND MORE PRODUCTS
GLOSSARY
advantage n. definite benefit； sth. that may help one to be successful or to gain a desired result 优点，优势，好处
approximately ad. nearly； almost 近似；大约
assemble v. fit or put together （sth. such as a machine） 装配
campaign n. series of planned activities to gain a special object 运动
concentrate v. bring or come together 集中
considerably ad. much； a at deal 很多地
constant a. happening all the time； continuous or without break 不断的，经久的
drought n. a long period of dry weather， when there is not enough water 干旱
enrich v. make finer in quality 使丰富，装饰，增美
epidemic n. disease spreading rapidly among many people in the same place for a time 流行病
famine n. serious lack of food 饥荒
feasible a. workable； possible； able to be carried out or done 行得通的，可实行的
figure n. symbol for a number 数字
furthermore ad. moreover； in addition 而且，此外
hygiene n. science of healthy living and cleanliness 卫生学
hygienic a. of hygiene； likely to promote health； free from disease germs 卫生学的，促进健康的
migrate v. move from one place to another； change one‘s place of living 迁移，移居
migration n. the act of migrating 迁移，移居
mountainous a. full of or containing mountains 多山的
occupy v. line in； take possession of 占领，占据
populace n. common people 平民，大众
populate vt. live or settle in an area 居住于…中
prehistoric a. of a time before recorded history 史前的
preservation n. preparation of food to resist decay （食品）保藏
profitable a. resulting in money gain 有利有图的
replace v. take the place of 代替，取代
security n. the state of being safe 安全
significantly ad. importantly 重大地
specialize v. trained or adapted for a particular job or purpose； limit all or most of one‘s study， business， etc. to particular things or subjects 专门研究，专攻
specific a. particular or certain 特有的，特定的
supervise v. keep watch over work and workers as the person in charge 监督
transportation n. a means or system of carrying passengers or goods from one place to another 运输
billion n.（英）万亿：（美）十亿
（the） plague n. 鼠疫，黑死病
tropical a. 热带的，炎热的
